Marco Porter Theory Essay example -- USAID, Partnerships

As of June 2009, USAID claimed working relationships with over 3,500 American companies and over 300 head-to-head volunteer organizations. In its effort to encourage economic growth and trade, USAID has the adjacent components a) patronage Enabling which helps countries lower the cost and risks of doing business b) upgrading commercial legal systems USAID helps straighten out laws, revise policies c) improving business regulation- with co-orperation from the World Banks Doing Business program d) promotes the development of diverse and healthy institutions in order to help countries word form purges and help poor the poor (www.usaid.gov).USAID emphasizes the building of partnerships in education as well as business and government. In fact USAID partners with the Higher Education for ontogeny (HED) that has access and interacts with six major higher education association (representing) much than 4,000 colleges and universities (www.usaid.gov). Within 4,000 colleges and unive rsities are Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). The USAID has provided advocacy and training for educational growth, inquiry and support and training in 60 developing countries. The partnerships with educational institutions in developing nationsincluding those with 190 U.S. colleges and universitieshave the following goalsa)Increase the quality of teacher training b) invoke the administration of higher education and workforce institutions c) help agricultural productiveness and improve the management of natural resources d) improvement of workforce skills along with economic productiveness e) enhance good governance and the rule of law f) increase feeding and health in communities, in particular reduce the impact of ADIS and HIV g... ...nts albeit ostiariuss presentation was offered 21 years ago and Narula critique was presented 19 years ago. It was worth mentioning that the late professor of economics and international relations john H. Dunning (Dunning, 19 93) that Porter underestimates the quite fundamental changes which have taken place over the last decade or so of their (Canadians) trans-border activities. Dunning adds that Porter overlooks the value of MNEs (multi-national enterprises), one the chief(prenominal) driving forces of economic integration (Dunning, 1993).The USAID in Kosovo - Contrast with Porters Diamond TheoryBased on a report from USAID Kosovo (Dan, 2006) called Mid-Term Evaluation of the Kosovo crowd and Business Support Project. The USAID has a $20 million, 4 year project in Kosovo that addresses three industry clusters (livestock fruit, and vegetables, and construction materials). Marco Porter Theory Essay example -- USAID, PartnershipsAs of June 2009, USAID claimed working relationships with over 3,500 American companies and over 300 private volunteer organizations. In its effort to encourage economic growth and trade, USAID has the following components a) Business Enabling which helps countri es lower the cost and risks of doing business b) upgrading commercial legal systems USAID helps reform laws, revise policies c) improving business regulation- with co-orperation from the World Banks Doing Business program d) promotes the development of diverse and healthy institutions in order to help countries build projects and help poor the poor (www.usaid.gov).USAID emphasizes the building of partnerships in education as well as business and government. In fact USAID partners with the Higher Education for Development (HED) that has access and interacts with six major higher education association (representing) more than 4,000 colleges and universities (www.usaid.gov). Within 4,000 colleges and universities are Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). The USAID has provided advocacy and training for educational growth, research and support and training in 60 developing countries. The partnerships with educational institutions in developing nationsincluding those wi th 190 U.S. colleges and universitieshave the following goalsa)Increase the quality of teacher training b) enhance the administration of higher education and workforce institutions c) help agricultural productivity and improve the management of natural resources d) improvement of workforce skills along with economic productivity e) enhance good governance and the rule of law f) increase nutrition and health in communities, in particular reduce the impact of ADIS and HIV g... ...nts albeit Porters presentation was offered 21 years ago and Narula critique was presented 19 years ago. It was worth mentioning that the late professor of economics and international relations John H. Dunning (Dunning, 1993) that Porter underestimates the quite fundamental changes which have taken place over the last decade or so of their (Canadians) trans-border activities. Dunning adds that Porter overlooks the value of MNEs (multi-national enterprises), one the main driving forces of economic integration (Dunning, 1993).The USAID in Kosovo - Contrast with Porters Diamond TheoryBased on a report from USAID Kosovo (Dan, 2006) called Mid-Term Evaluation of the Kosovo Cluster and Business Support Project. The USAID has a $20 million, 4 year project in Kosovo that addresses three industry clusters (livestock fruit, and vegetables, and construction materials).

Is Digital Cash Something To Fear? Essay -- Digital Cash Money Essays

Is Digital Cash Something To Fear?I. INTRODUCTIONIn todays society, cash is quickly becoming obsolete. The vast major(ip)ity of transactions stub now be completed without cash. If a person has direct deposit, they substructure directly deposit their paycheck into their bank account. Using their home computer, that person can pay their monthly bills electronically by using a third-party bill paying system authorized by their bank. Credit cards, once reserved for major purchases, are now accepted at grocery stores, fast food restaurants, pay phones, and coffee shops. Debit cards are quickly replacing checks for umpteen of our day-to-day purchases. There are quite a few transactions that cannot be completed with cash, including renting cars, many mail order purchases, and subscribing to an Internet divine service provider. In a typical day, cash is really only necessary for very small transactions, such as purchasing a morning paper, or buying a candy bar out of a vending machine. Th ese micro-transactions1 do not represent a significant enough convince of value to cover the transactional costs of accepting credit or debit cards. A person still needs to carry enough cash for these micro-transactions. Currently, the course to get cash is to personally go to an automatic teller machine (ATM) for a withdrawal. Digital cash,2 stored on smart cards3 or personal computers, promises to make micro-transactions possible in both the everyday world and in cyberspace. II. IS DIGITAL CASH NECESSARY?The need for digital cash most parallels the need for regular cash. Most people do not use regular cash to make major purchases. Carrying large amounts of cash can be very insecure. Carrying credit cards is more secure because, at least in th... ...urden on the bank to prove that a transaction was by the consumer. touch Sandberg, supra note 3. 8 Compare the use of encryption technology in making a credit card purchase (see CyberCash, Six move of a Secure Internet Credit Card Payment (visited Oct. 5, 1977) <http//a.dn.cybercash.com/cybercash/shoppers/ stopsteps.html), with the use of encryption in making a digital cash purchase, (see DigiCash, An Introduction to Ecash (visited Oct. 5, 1977) <http//www.digicash.com/ecash/docs/ eternal sleep/ease(g).html). 9 Of course, the consumer protection laws will limit the consumers losses to $50. If the digital cash transmission was for a micro-transaction, a consumer would still prefer to lose 1 to $50. 10 Jim Miller, E-money mini-FAQ (release 2.0) (visited Oct. 5, 1977) <http//www.ex.ac.uk/RDavies/arian/ emoneyfaq.html. 11 Id. 12 Id.

The Shipping News Essay -- Shipping News Essays

The Shipping NewsJust as Newfoundlanders have to pose the sea, survive it, so people have to award lifes traumas and find the will to go on.To what extent is Proulx saying people must weather the storms of life and reconcile the past with the future?To demonstrate lifes storms is not to reconcile the past with the future, meaning to be happy with it, but to confront the past, conquer it, and then fancy it. Acceptance in this instance, meaning to acknowledge the past, and acknowledge that it merchantmannot be changed. It does not need to be understood, simply recognised as somewhatthing that has happened. In sustainance, feelings of anger, regret and guilt atomic number 18 dissipated. These are the steps that are to be taken in order to cope, weather the storms of life and move forward. All of the characters in the novel have to cope with their lives, some of which are more difficult than others. Quoyle had many traumatic events in his life, and until he went to Newfoundland h e was not coping with them. It was through help from others that he could confront, conquer and digest his past to start truly coping with life. Other characters, including Wavey and Agnis also have to confront, conquer and accept their pasts to cope and get on with life. Although it is not a exit of life and death as to whether the characters cope with life, they will have to face it eventually. Newfoundlanders undertake this idea, and learn how to confront, conquer and accept what happens in their lives. Wavey has her sustain past to confront and accept. Throughout the novel and her development of the relationship with Quoyle, she has to learn to trust again after her husbands treatment of her, and accept his death. She did this through her relationship with Quoyle, by learning to develop a mutually open and swear relationship. Their trust was developed but a sharing of common painful experiences with their spouses, in a safe and comfortable environment. Wavey was able to shar e her secrets with Quoyle, because he was able to share his with her first. The way Quoyle talked of his love, but never the woman? Could pull out one from her receive skein of secrets. (Pg 307) Waveys trust enables her to accept her husbands behaviour towards her and his death, so she can move forward in her life.Another example of a trusting relationship that is formed is one with Agnis and the new Quoyle fam... ...t them. Nutbeem shows his ability to do this after his boat has been destroyed at his farewell party At least you can smile about it. Dennis, half smiling to himself. If I didnt Id go round the twist, wouldnt I? No, Ive decided to smile, lug and fly to Brazil. (Pg 268.) Instead of getting upset and trying hopelessly to fix the boat, Nutbeem accepts what has happened, and finds another way around it. Jack displays his acceptance of his life, is shown in the way he goes out on his boat and fishes everyday, even though his grandfather, father and eldest son all died at sea. To reconcile with the past is to forgive, and be contented with it. To accept the past is acknowledge its existence, and the inability to change its facts. Quoyle, through developing new relationships in Newfoundland and discovering his family history, is able to move forward by confronting, conquering and accepting his own past. This is also been reflected in Waveys life. Through her relationship with Quoyle she has developed the ability to trust and love again. Going back to Newfoundland enabled Agnis to confront her familial demons, and so to accept her past and move forward into the future.

Ethnic Cleansing in Kosovo What Happened Before and After NATO Interven

What Happened Before and After NATO Intervened in KosovoImagine waking up unmatched day to the thundering of blows given at the entrance telling you to open up or be shot down. It is the Serb police, and they are telling you that you and your whole family had to leave your home immediately. This is how it went for many Albanian people during what somewhat Serb extremists called demographic genocide. This was the beginning of what many would call the Kosovo War, and it lasted from March to June 1999. After NATOs intervention in Kosovo, something strange happened. Now the people being victimized were the Serbs and anyone who was neighbourly to them. In this paper, I will speak about what happened before and after the war in Kosovo. Most war victims during the Kosovo War were considered victims of ethnic cleansing, which is the internationally condemned enforce of driving out members of other nationalities from territories that had been part of the SFRY (Socialist Federal Rep ublic of Yugoslavia) . All of this began with the presidency of Slobodan Milosevic in 1988 who was president of the Serbian League of Communists and also Serbia a course later. He began a campaign to reassert communist dominance as well as Serb dominance. He purged into countries such as Croatia and transformed its army from one that wanted to preserve Yugoslavia to one that wanted unification of all Serb populated territories and eventually create a Greater Serbia. A way that Milosevic felt he could achieve that task was through a strategy of ethnic cleansing and the expulsion and massacres of the non-Serbs.Milosevics main goal in Kosovo was to expel Kosovo Albanians population in an effort to ensure continued Serbian control over the province. Du... ...s to peace. We see no hope in the peace. BibliographyONiell, William G., Kosovo An Unfinished Peace. Boulder, CO Lynne Reinner Publishers, Inc., 2002Juka, S.S., Kosova The Albanians in Yugoslavia in Light of Historical Documents. New York, NY Waldon Press, Inc., 1984 Hosmer, Stephen T., The Conflict Over Kosovo Why Milosevic Decided to Settle When He Did. Santa Monica, CA RAND, 2001Doder, D. and Branson L., Slobodan Milosevic. Columbia University Press, 2004. http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0833245The Indictment Kosovo. 11/16/2004. http//www.un.org/icty/glance/milosevic.htmYansong, Lu and Rongbin, Xie, Post-War Kosovo Revisited. Peoples Daily (Cn), November 2, 1999. http//web4.peopledaily.com.cn/english/199911/02/print19991102F108/htmlPost War Sufferin. 11/16/04. http//www.kosovo.com/home2.html

Freedom in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

    Huckleberry Finn Freedom   Freedom is not a reward or a decoration that is celebrated with champagne...Oh no Its a...long distance race, quite solitary and very exhausting. -Albert Camus. The dictionary defines freedom as the condition of being free from restraints. Freedom is not just a formulate one tail say with turn up meaning. It is a privilege, a privilege not everyone is granted. Freedom gives the liberty to choose what should is done and how.   Freedom is the capacity to exercise plectrum and free will. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the narrator, Huck, seeks freedom from society. Huck, a thirteen year-old boy, lives with Widow Douglass and her sister Miss Watson. He lives with them because before this he had no home, whole a drunken father, whom he rarely sees. Both of the ladies attempt to civilize Huck by sending him to school and teaching him good manners. Pretty soon I wanted to smoke, and asked the widow to let me . But she wouldnt. She said it was a mean practice and wasnt clean, and I must try to not do it any much In this passage from chapter one you can see that Huck enjoyed doing what he pleased when he choose. I liked the old ways best, besides I was getting so I liked the new ones, too, a little bit. This passage is from chapter four of the book spoken by Huck. In it one can see that although Huck begins to like the civilized ways he still has a craving for his old ways, which seem uncivilized to all.   Freedom is not only having a choice but also having no restraints. The characters of the Duke and the Daphne, who were really cardinal criminals running away, have an advantage of no restraints being given. In chapter 19 of the book, the two men introduce themselves to Huck and Jim. When they do this, they do not introduce themselves with their true identity. Because there were no restrictions, they could not only befriend Jim and Huck but also trick them. He told th em he was a pirate-been a pirate for thirty years out in the Indian Ocean-and his crew was thinned out considerable exit spring in a fight, and he was home now to take out some fresh men, and thanks goodness hed been robbed last night.

Freedom in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

    Huckleberry Finn Freedom   Freedom is not a reward or a decoration that is celebrated with champagne...Oh no Its a...long distance race, quite solitary and very exhausting. -Albert Camus. The dictionary defines freedom as the condition of being free from restraints. Freedom is not just a joint one bath say with out(p) meaning. It is a privilege, a privilege not everyone is granted. Freedom gives the liberty to choose what should is done and how.   Freedom is the capacity to exercise plectron and free will. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the narrator, Huck, seeks freedom from society. Huck, a thirteen year-old boy, lives with Widow Douglass and her sister Miss Watson. He lives with them because before this he had no home, provided a drunken father, whom he rarely sees. Both of the ladies attempt to civilize Huck by sending him to school and teaching him good manners. Pretty soon I wanted to smoke, and asked the widow to let me. But she wouldnt. She said it was a mean practice and wasnt clean, and I must try to not do it any much In this passage from chapter one you can see that Huck enjoyed doing what he pleased when he choose. I liked the old ways best, but I was getting so I liked the new ones, too, a little bit. This passage is from chapter four of the book spoken by Huck. In it one can see that although Huck begins to like the civilized ways he still has a craving for his old ways, which seem uncivilized to all.   Freedom is not only having a choice but also having no restraints. The characters of the Duke and the Daphne, who were really ii criminals running away, have an advantage of no restraints being given. In chapter 19 of the book, the two men introduce themselves to Huck and Jim. When they do this, they do not introduce themselves with their true identity. Because there were no restrictions, they could not only befriend Jim and Huck but also trick them. He told them he was a pirate-been a pirate for thirty years out in the Indian Ocean-and his crew was thinned out considerable farthest spring in a fight, and he was home now to take out some fresh men, and thanks goodness hed been robbed last night.

The Lost Thing Belonging by Shaun Tan

More than any function else, belonging is about finding a sense of place in the world. Do you agree? grapple your point of view, referring to Shaun topazs The Lost Thing. Achieving a sense of place in the world, mentally and physically, allows an someone to feel an awareness of belonging a relish unobtainable through little else. Places where imagination and distinctiveness are condemned force those who adapt to live a dull reality that holds no challenges or freedom of thought. Minority groups are set apart from the absolute majority, with the mainstream becoming blind to those who are excluded simply because they dont fit rescripts standards.Shaun burns The Lost Thing explores a world that directly reflects society and its inability to accept indifferences. Through tans use of film techniques much(prenominal) as tones, costuming, and camera shots, the audience is able to have an increased understanding of belonging and the necessity of finding a sense of place in the wor ld. Until an individual is able to find a place where they feel security and a sense of identity, they are unable to belong in the world. conform to a society that eradicates individuality and creativity results in a mundane existence without challenges and freethinking.The fundamental need to belong can consequently see many altering themselves in order to fit society and its perceptions. A monotone narrative voiceover introduces the premise of the film, as the young protagonist reveals his wavering ability to remember stories that use to climate and amaze. Amused by the irony of his reflection, I used to know a whole lot of pretty interesting stories, some of them so funny you would express emotion yourself unconscious only when I cant remember any of those, the audiences rapport with this character is immediately established.Sepia tones are juxtaposed with the silver colouration of the lost liaison portraying a dichotomy between the industrialised world and the misplaced Thi ng. Curiosity and a sense of tremor lure the protagonist and the audience simultaneously. A playful bell on the Lost Things tolls waking the creature, which is followed by an increased diegetic sound including a growl, further displaying Tans use of dichotomy to create a distinction between the mechanical aspects of the society that the lost thing has found itself in and its protest gentleness.Dull and render costuming of the members in society highlights the suppression of individuality in a conformed society. Dirty off-white coloured prison-like uniforms with numbering imprinted on each uniform illuminates to the answerer their shackles and insignificant existence. A mob of members of society is seen walking in one direction, together. This use of synchronized choreography exhibits their subconsciously controlled lives. Their robotic movement implies their loss of independent thought, forcing the responder to evaluate their own society.It becomes clear to the audience that mor e than anything, belonging is about finding a sense of place in the world boost by the use of these film techniques. As conforming is blatantly the prominent theme throughout Shaun Tans The Lost Thing, Tan expresses that following a society where imagination is lost can lead to mere existence rather than having purpose, yet the protagonist conforms nonetheless. Tan stresses that although conforming might not be ideal it is by doing this that an individual is able to gain a sense of place in the world and consequently feel as though they belong.The majority of society is blinded to the ostracised minority, as they dont follow the preordained path. The protagonist in this short film only finds the lost thing by chance, darn no one else pays attention to the thing, as they have lack of sight for things they dont ideally fit into their lives. An engaging panning shot nearly the thing when the protagonist finds the lost thing emphasizes the singularity of the thing he has found, reflec ting specific groups that dont adhere to societys perceptions of normality.The responder, consequently, is influenced to feel eleemosynary towards those in society who dont inherently know where they belong. Subtle allusion utilised when the protagonist goes to pick up what he believes will be a bottle top for his collection, but unintentionally discovers the thing, introduces the concept that individuals who have molded to society are blinded to any of their surroundings that dont accept with societys expectations. It is implied to the audience that unless those that are different manage to intrude on the activities of popular society they would go unnoticed due to the subconsciously encouraged blindness.The audience is humoured by the idea that due to his lack of sight the protagonist was unable to see the huge object that is soon discovered as the thing, but instead took notice of the small bell buried in the sand next to it, for which he probably mistook as a bottle top. This factual sightlessness is further enforced by the repetition of a specific line in the dialogue of the narrative voiceover, too busy doing other deflect I guess that is used when talking about how the lost thing or things go unnoticed.Specifically the very last lines, I see that kind of thing less and less these daysmaybe I safe stopped noticing, too busy doing other stuff I guess leads the responder to fag out that the protagonist has been absorbed into society and so has inadvertently gained that blindness, allowing him to be able to simply ignore the presence of the minority. Through this line, the responder is now left feeling sorry for not only the lost thing but for the protagonist as well.Symbolic representation, or the presence of the street-like arrow signs elucidate that society believes there is a path you must take, except that the chaos and disorder of these signs in many of the scenes suggests that following one particular path is difficult and that you shouldnt hav e to just follow one path when there are so many to choose from. The responder is forced to question how a society can conclude what particular path everyone is meant to take if there are ultimately hundreds of options.The ludicrousness of conformity in a collective group of people is highlighted due to the use of this technique. quelling of minority groups makes it difficult for the excluded to feel as if they belong. Through demonstrating that not belonging comes from feeling as if they have no place in the world Shaun Tan successfully instills the belief in the responder that without a possibility of belonging in a physical place it is not possible to belong in any sense.Through finding a location where one can feel a sense of acceptance an individual can achieve belonging, more than anything else. Conforming to society, although not necessary or ideal, can allow an individual to gain this feeling, even if it means adapting to dull surroundings that lead to nothing more than a mundane existence. Suppressed groups find it difficult to belong as they have no ability to feel at home in a location, but through understanding this it is possible to apprehend that it truly is a sense of place that allows a genuine sense of belonging.Shaun Tan uses many film techniques to successfully display these concepts and ensure the responder is able to also grasp them. Tans The Lost Thing ultimately displays a metaphoric world that reflects our own society and encourages us to question our own behaviours. More than anything else, belonging is about finding a true sense of place in the world.

The Financial Detective

PAPER We believe that family I represents the Sm every last(predicate)er Producer of print papers and attach to J represents the Worlds Largest Market of Paper. Being the worlds largest paper maker indicates having a larger inventory, more electric menses pluss (esp. since it owns timberland and several facilities), and senior high cost of goods sold than other paper makers. The inventory for Company J (10. 9) is larger than the inventory for Company I (8. 8) the current assets for Company J (32. 6) be higher(prenominal) than that for Company I (27. 2) and the cost of goods sold for Company J (82. 9) is higher than that for Company I (75. ). We overly run that, as the worlds largest paper maker, their products will move on the grocery storeplace better than a smaller producer of paper. Thus, Inventory Turnover should also be higher. Here, Company J (7. 11) has a larger inventory turnover than Company I (6. 75). Receivables turnover, which tells how many times accounts rec eivables go been collected in a given period, should be higher for the worlds largest paper club than it would be for a small producer of specialty paper. Company Js (11. 64) receivables turnover is higher than that for Company I (8. 68).The facts also state that the worlds largest maker of paper has been rationalizing capacity by closing inefficient mills, implementing cost-containment initiatives, and selling nonessential assets. This implies that the political party would have a larger asset turnover ratio than other paper companies. Company J (1. 20) has a larger asset turnover ratio than Company I (. 73). It is probable that since the small producer of paper has most of its product marketed under branded labels, that it would have a higher value of Intangibles, such as trademarks, than the larger smart set.Here, Company I (14. 6) has an intangibles value that is significantly higher than Company Js (1. 9) intangible value. establish on the above analysis, we believe that C ompany I is the small producer of printing, writing and technical specialty papers, and that Company J is the worlds largest maker of paper, paperboard, and packaging. sell From the fiscal ratios and the notes attached, it is apparent that Company N is the rapidly growing chain of upscale discount stores while Company M is the firm known for its first base prices, breadth of merchandise and volume riented schema. assetS Receivables Company M has lower receivables of 1. 4 compared to company N with 17. 0 and this author is to the fact that company N offers opinion to qualified node as a means of marketing dodge. Inventories Company M has higher inventories of 24. 5 compared to company N with 16. 7 and this reason it attributed to the strategy company M adopts. Company M has a wide breadth of merchandise and volume oriented strategy amount to this high inventories on the balance sheet. Intangibles There is a 93. 3% difference compared to company N with low intangibles. This re ason is due to the operational strategy company M adopts. Company M possesses either or all of these following Goodwill, Partnership rights or Patent rights. Analyzing the information provided accurately, one or more of the of the aforementioned rights exit because for company M to sell some products at very low prices, at that place must be an existing kind of memorandum of understanding between the producers and company M. LIABILITIES & virtue Deferred Taxes Company M has deferred Taxes of 3. with company N having O. From the information of company M provided, it is possible that the deferred tax is an evidence of capital gains that might have risen from the government issue of divestments of several non-discount department-store businesses. Debt in Current Liabilities Company M is 75. 4% high than company Ns Debt Current Liabilities. This can be as a result of the choose contract entered by company M. Depending on the lease agreement Company M might have an overdue payment fo r the lease for a period within a year. INCOME STATEMENTDepreciation It is understandable why company N has a high depreciation than company M and this is due to the reason that M is a lease copy therefore no depreciation is paid for leasing except a rental payment. There is an exception when the lease is a finance lease. Net Income Company N strategies pay off because shareholders of any company want to maximize their investment or returns. Company N is making almost double of company Ms net profit, and also considering the fact that company N is making 85% of company M sales. MARKET DATABeta Companies in the same industries usually have different betas, one of the reasons this can happen is the kind of financing or debt equity ratio. The higher the debt equity ratio the higher the beta this shows why company N has a higher beta compared to company M that has a lower debt equity ratio. Dividend Payout Company M has a higher payout ratio of 31. 12%. Reason why company N might have a low payout ratio can be attributed to investment in future projects with positive NPV due to the rapidly growing chain of upscale discount stores. summation MANAGEMENT Receivables Turnover This shows the degree of realization in accounts receivables. Company N has a lower turnover rate, a lower rate implies that receivables are universe held keen-sighteder and the less likely they are to be collected. Also there is an opportunity cost of tying up funds in receivables for a long period of time. Company M is 29 times higher than company N. From the above analysis, it is obvious that financial ratios of companies in same industries can never be the same but can only be similar.The kind of strategy and technology a company adopts tells a lot about differences in financial ratios. COMPUTERS We believe that Company E is the company focused exclusively on mail-order sales and Company F is the company that sells a highly differentiable gillyflower of products. In this industry one comp any focuses exclusively on mail-order sales of built-to-order PCs, including desktops, laptops, and notebooks. Besides the company allows its customers to design, price and purchase through its web site.In line of merchandise the other company has a retail strategy intended to drive traffic through its stores. With regards to the SGA expense, as well as depreciation, we can assume that the company resulting with the highest values is of course the one having more stores compared to the one conducting most of its transactions on an online basis. In this case the high value of 23. 1 in selling, ordinary and administrative expense and the high value of 1. 8 in depreciation belonging to company F fit the description of the company with more retail stores.Another important financial data confirming this finding is the intangible data. From the Exhibit 1, the company E has a value of 0 in intangibles which is not surprising due to its business orientation. Company E is an assembler of P C components manufactured by its suppliers, therefore not having any claim of ownership of intangibles. On the other hand, the intangible value of 1. 2 of company F is due to the fact that company F has a variety of proprietary software products. In addition, the price to book ratio is lower for Company F (5. 3) than for Company E (17. 46). This is in line with our analysis because the facts state that the retail store has a declining market share, so the lower price to book ration would match the description for a company with a lower market share. Based on our analysis above, we believe that company E is the company focusing exclusively on mail-order sales of built-to-order PCs, and company F is the company having an aggressive retail strategy intended to drive traffic through its stores. NEWSPAPERSWe believe that company P is the diversified media company that generates most of its revenues through newspapers sold or so the country and around the world and that Company O is the firm that owns a number of newspapers in relatively small communities throughout the Midwest and southwest. We believe this because Company P has a larger amount of current assets (other and total) and net fixed assets than CompanyO. Company P operates in not just the United States but it also operates in countries all around the world, which it means it will have a lot of assets than Company O.FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS plusS RECEIVABLESCompany P is higher than Company O and this can be attributed to the fact that company P has an international presence. This will result to a huge customer base compared to Company O. higher customer base would yield more credit sales. result to its revenues all over the world in the sense that it will have a lot of customers and there can be delays in monetary transactions. Since its business has international presence it can adopt a business strategy of offering a high volume of credit sales to customers.INVENTORIES The two companies are at par have the same ratios. This means that there is an equal amount of goods and services available in the stock of both companies. INTANGIBLES Company O has a higher intangibles value than company P because although company O is a smaller company it has acquired a Customer good will, employee morale, increased bureaucracy, and aesthetic appeal than company P which is a more diversified media company. DEBT MANAGEMENT TOTAL DEBT/TOTAL ASSETCompany P has a higher ratio compared to O.Most of companys total debt are short term financed and this is to say that in the side by side(p) period, the company can have a lower total debt to total asset ratio compared to company O. Based on this current standing it shows that 26. 81% of companys P asset is financed by debt. INCOME/EXPENSES NETINCOME Company O is almost likely to succeed more than company P in its trading operations because of its change decision making and administration. Looking closely at the net income figure of both companies, company O net income is higher than company P net income.EBIT AND NET PROFIT MARGIN Company O has a higher EBIT because the company is more profitable than company P. Company P has a lower net profit margin value than company O which indicates a low margin of safety, higher risk, and that a decline in sales will erase profits and result in a net loss. Company O is better in this aspect because of the adopted business of decentralized decision making and administration, which led to better success in its operations. MARKET DATADIVIDEND PAYOUT Company O has a higher ratio than company P which means it has a higher percentage of earnings paid to its shareholders in dividends. The shareholders of company O are benefiting better from the company than the shareholders of company P are. The reason for this could be that company P may be trying to invest in a project that is preventing it from paying shareholders adequate dividends BETA Company P has a higher value which means a higher exp ected return of a stock or portfolio which is correlated to the return of the financial market as a whole than company O.PRICE/EARNING RATIO Company O has a higher ratio than P. Over the years smaller firms have performed better in terms of returns. Shareholders of company O are willing to pay more for the shares today in anticipation of great prospects of returns in the future. ASSET MANAGEMENT RECEIVABLES TURNOVER Company O has a higher turnover value because it has a higher number of number of times that account receivables are collected during in a period than company P. LIQUIDITYCURRENT RATIO AND QUICK RATIO Company O has a better and higher value of the two ratios than company P so it means that company O has more current assets and cash equivalents to cover its liabilitie when due than company P. Based on our analysis above, we believe that company P is the diversified media company that generates most of its revenues through newspapers sold around the country and around the world and that Company O is the firm that owns a number of newspapers in relatively small communities throughout the Midwest and Southwest

Articles for Teachers Day Essay

October 04, 2012, the HSL-Braille College community worked together for the biggest and widest celebration of My Teacher, My Hero for Worlds Teachers twenty-four hours 2012. As early as 630 in the morning, HSL-Braille College community led by its pupil Government Organization (S.G.O), administrators, faculty, parents and students gathered together in the school ground to experience our lovely teachers with their glamorous attire as they take their grand entrance in the red carpet together with their respective escorts which also the students teacher for that situation day. All our mentors received a souvenirs specifically a mug with a text written on it My Teacher, My Hero Worlds Teachers Day 2012. And a badge which also have a text written on it I Love Teaching. This souvenir is not just only a break off-away that instead, it serves as a sign of appreciation for our dear teachers for being the second parents in the school hat guides and leads the students to do good in behavi or in order to have a better future.The program started at 645 AM and was introduced by the pair of stage hosts from the Fourth Year- Uzziah, the electric chair of Student Government Organization (S.G.O), Ms. Nicholle Yummar D. Demagante and Mr. Rainier John Veluz, from the Third Year Sheba and the External Vice President of the Student Government Organization. Before it was officially started, the teachers and students were welcomed by the Student Chairman of the Activity and the Internal Vice President of Student Government Organization, Ms. Kjienah Love I. Demagante. She gave her opening remarks to everyone which expressed her gratitude to be part of Worlds Teachers Day celebration to help the school to celebrate and give warm appreciation to our heroes, our teachers. The students showed their gratitude to their advisers which is in the form of showing their talents and flaring skills like dancing and singing which shows a meaningful message to their lovely mentors.This really helped to boost the crowds moods. But of course students from HSL-Braille College are not only good in showcasing talents to everyone but also students can produce imaginative and constructive works that brings excellence to the schools. So, in this case, some students made an English and Filipino poems that are dedicated to their teachers which were shown and loose by their teachers which is actually felt the love and appreciation from their students. During that time, everybody especially our dear teachers were glad with the result of the event. It was successful and meaningful to everyone.After all, students,teachers, and other guests are piece to hear our school directress words of wisdom before the end of the program. As expected, they will be served by generous students who voluntarily give their time to give service to our dear teachers. They will enjoy, have fun and relax the rest of the day. Every students can really see satisfaction after the program. It was undeniably a great celebration for Worlds Teachers Day and was well-prepared despite of the bad weather. Truly, the reason for the event was to celebrate and to show our love as a field of study of celebrating of the Worlds Teachers Day to the true heroes of our community, our teachers. Everybody is looking forward for the next Worlds Teachers Day Celebration for it will surely be other great event.

“Trash” by Andy Mulligan Essay

Rat, is a small but clever boy who really does buy the farm up to his name. He is fast but sneaky, dirty but charming and is friendly. Rat is always getting things from the mission school as he appears to be sweet and useless. He saves the money that he is giving so, surprisingly is one of the riches people on the dump.Quotes about/by RatRat is a boy- three or four years younger than me. His real name is Jun-Jun. Nobody calls him that, though, because he lived with the rats and has come to look like one. He was the only baby in Behala that I k virgin of who had no family at all P.19 The kid was sitting up, just in his shorts, gazing at me with frightened eyes and his big broken teething sticking out of his mouth. P.22 I am the best hearer, the best jumper, the best runner-they think I brag, but they know its true P.159 Rat apothegm a once we had to dive back in among them It was the smarted thing he ever did. P.163 Trash (2010), a novel by Andy Mulligan, ends with the protagonist s Raphael, Gardo and Rat starting their new life together. In the course of the novel, they faced many challenges and their associations grows. Each character has qualities which helped build this friendship. Raphael shows the qualities of friendliness, kindness, caring and selfless. Gardo shows the qualities of empathy, cleverness and leadership. Rat shows the qualities of trustfulness, sneakiness and thoughtful. The boys friendship holds the key to their survival, helping them to leave the dumpsite and find a better life.Raphaels key qualities are friendliness, selfless and clever. Raphael shows the quality of friendly in the mount where he listen to Rat when nobody knows what he is doing. A quote which gives conclusion of this quality is and Id listen to his chit chat notification (Mulligan,2011, p.23). Another important quality that Raphael shows is selfless. He demonstrates this quality in the scene where he wants to give Rat some food for him to eat. A quote which gives ev idence of this quality is I thought, I should have brought him a bit of food (Mulligan, 2011, pg.22). Finally, Raphaels quality of clever is shown in the scene where he trying to flesh out the code for the words. A quote which gives evidence of this quality is go to the map ref where we lay look for the brightest my child. (Mulligan, 2011 , pg.152). All of these qualities help Raphael to overcome his hardships andbe a good friend to Gardo and Raphael.

Comparison Essay on “Dead Souls” and “Taras Bulba”

I. The great achievement of prose of the XIX century (from the 1840s to the 1890s) was Russian Realism, which is correspond by many great Russian writers and Nikolai Gogol is not the death in this list. It is of ten-spot mentioned that after 1830 Pushkin turned more and more to prose, although being the greatest poet of the sentence. However, the writer who established re everyy innovating unusedistic and narrative tradition in Russian literary culture was Gogol. Gogols example, combined with the authoritative literary pronouncements of the greatest literary critic of the period, V. G. Belinsky, proved prose to be the literary medium of the future. Later, the great Russian novelist (and not the worst philosopher of religious thought) Dostoevsky have said, referring to himself and his fellow Realists, We have all come out from under Gogols Overcoat (meaning the renowned story by Gogol, Shynel or Overcoat).Vladimir Nabokov extremely esteemed Gogol as a great Russian (in no case U krainian, he is sure, in spite of the fact that Nikolaj Gogol-Ianovski originates from Ukraine, Mirgorod, and his world outlook is obviously marked by Ukrainian national tradition) novelist, dramatist, satirist, and founder of the so-called critical realism in Russian literature, best-known for his novel Mertvye Dushy (1842, Dead Souls). Praising the imaginative forcefulness and linguistic playfulness of the writers latest takes (Shynel or Overcoat, Mertvye Dushy etc), Nabokov states that Gogol is everything but the romantic folklore novelist.Actually, there can be defined two chief(prenominal) periods in Gogols writing conservative romantic and vernacular idealism of the Ukrainian past (which we find in Evenings on a Farm conterminous Dikanka and Taras Bulba) and the next evolutionary period of modernistic urban life reflection with all its psychological abnormality and deviations. If to believe Nabokov, in the mature age Gogol was repentant of the playful artificialness of his early works and as for the famous Russian critic, it is a dreadful nightmare even to imagine Gogol scribbling Ukrainian folkloristic novels garishness by volume Had he chosen this path, the world would have never heard his name. So, lets compare these two antagonistic periods of Gogols writing corresponding to the more or less vividly representative works of his Taras Bulba and Dead Souls.II. Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka, the book of Ukrainian folklore stories, which appeared in 1831-32, was Gogols breakthrough work (Gogol had greatly prise Pushkin, and he used in this work the same narrative device as Pushkin did in his Tales of Belkin). It showed his skill in mixing fantastic and demonic ideas of his bulk with macabre, and at the same time he said roughthing crucial about the Russian and Ukrainian (ignoring Nabokovs imperialistic snobbism, it is important to mark Gogols Ukrainian roots) character.After failure as an assistant lecturer of world history at the University of St. Petersburg (1834-35), Gogol became a full-time writer. Under the title Mirgorod (1835) Gogol published a new parade of his stories, also inspired by Ukrainian vernacular culture, beginning with Old-World Landowners, which described the decay of the old way of life.The book also included the famous historical tale (poem in prose) Taras Bulba, which according to many literary critics showed the influence of W.Scott and L.Stern. However, it is rather ignorant not to take into account the original Ukrainian novelistic tradition, which is widely based on folklore (Gulak-Artemovski, Kvitka-Osnovjanenko and many other writers of Ukrainian romanticism are evidently folkloristic). The protagonist of Taras Bulba is a strong, deluxe character, absolutely non-typical for Gogols later cavalcade of bureaucrats, lunatics, swindlers, and losers, numerously represented on the pages of Dead Souls.In 1569, dominion over the right-coast Ukraine passed to Poland. The Polish lords (lyahy) prom ptly tried stamping out Ukrainian culture by savagely exploiting the peasantry, outlawing the Ukrainian language and awful Catholicism (Unia) and Papal supremacy on the Orthodox population. In response, Ukrainian male peasants flocked to join the military groups known as the Cossacks. They founded the Zaporizhian Sitch on the Hortycya Island.The Cossacks, essentially a wild cross between mercenary crusaders and highwaymen,became the focus of resistance to the Poles, the Turks and the Crimean Tatars. Gogols novel tells the story of the old and wise warrior Taras Bulba who, with his sons Ostap and Andrij, sallies forth to join the Sitch. Gogols incontestably romantic dangerous undertaking was as much a propaganda piece for his own time as an elegy for a way of life that had passed. In Taras Bulba we meet conservative Gogol, who has skillful arrived to Petersburg and is not yet sophisticated in the city life. He is shocked by the corruption and moral decay of the city dwellers. He c raves for the Golden grow of his battalions history and this age, he thinks, was the glorious times of the Zaporizhian Sitch.Taras Bulba is a remark adapted example of the early romantic Gogol (if to call Gogol the writers texts). However, this novel works on both levels (historical and pshycological, more typical for the later Gogols works) and is surely one of the most exciting masterpieces in world literature.Set sometime(prenominal) between the mid-sixteenth and early-seventeenth century, Gogols epic tale recounts both a bloody Cossack revolt against the Poles (led by the bold Taras Bulba of Ukrainian folk mythology) and the trials of Taras Bulbas two sons.As Robert Kaplan (translator) writes, Taras Bulba has a Kiplingesque gusto . . . that makes it a pleasure to read, but central to its theme is an unredemptive, darkly evil violence that is far beyond anything that Kipling ever touched on. We take aim more works like Taras Bulba to better understand the emotional wellspring s of the threat we face today in places like the Middle East and Central Asia. (Jane Grayson and assent Wigzell p.18). And the critic John Cournos has noted, A clue to all Russian realism may be found in a Russian critics observation about Gogol Seldom has nature created a man so romantic in bent, yet so masterly in portraying all that is unromantic in life.(The Rise of Prose Nikolai Gogol).But this statement does not cover the whole ground, for it is easy to see in almost all of Gogols work his warrant Cossack soul trying to break through the wall of gloomy and non-heroic today like some ancient demon, essentially Dionysian. So, through the years, this novel sounds at erst as a reproach, a protest, and a challenge, ever calling for joy, ancient joy, that is no more with us. This wide interpretation lies far beyond previously often-uttered kick of vernacular populist romanticism.Nikolai Gogol searched for the joy and sadness in the Ukrainian songs he loved so much. Ukrainian wa s to Gogol the language of the soul, and it was in Ukrainian songs rather than in old chronicles, of which he was not a little contemptuous, that he read the history of his people. So, here in this novel the writers intention is not the historical but rather the psychological picture of his people. Hence no one (even Nabokov) has the right to accuse Gogol of Ukrainian culture profanation as if succeeding(a) the modern literary trend of his time.Indeed, so great was his enthusiasm for his own land that after collecting material for many years, the year 1833 finds him at work on a history of poor Ukraine, a work planned to take up six volumes and writing to a friend at this time he promises to say much in it that has not been said forwards him. However, Gogol never wrote either his history of Little Russia (Malorosiya) or his universal history, he didnt become Ukrainian Balzac but is often called Ukrainian Goffman or Poe.Apart from several brief studies not always reliable, the resu lt of his many years application to his critical projects was this brief epic in prose, Homeric in mood (The Rise of Prose Nikolai Gogol). The sense of intense living, living dangerously to cite Nietzsche the recognition of courage as the greatest virtue, the God in man, inspired Gogol, living in times which tended toward grey monotony, with admiration for his more fortunate forefathers, who lived in a poetic time, when everything was win with the sword, when every one in his turn strove to be an active being and not a spectator. In Taras Bulba we find the people of action, and Dead Souls gives us the verandah of people of things.Russia Russia I see you now, from my wondrous, beautiful past I behold you How wretched, dispersed and uncomfortable everything is about you(Nikolai Gogol)III. Gogol began working on Dead Souls in 1835. The diagram and the main idea of the story was suggested to Gogol by Pushkin who seemed to have understood Gogol as a writer quite well. Pushkin felt t hat the idea of a man travelling all over the Russian Impire buying up the ownership rights to serfs who had died (mertvye dushy) would allow Gogol to make at once the literary success. In fact, it was an opportunity to introduce a multitude of characters, varied settings, mountains of detail, and the scope within which to be able to elaborate the anecdotal story of the work to his hearts content and to reveal all the sins of his contemporary. Gogol had big ideas of sightly a scriptor of his age a sort of BalzacFor the next six years, he devoted almost all of his creative energy to Dead Souls. His compulsive workmanship is evident in that the entire work was revised at least five times the author give tongue to that some passages had been rewritten as many as twenty times. He felt that this novel should be his best one.Unfortunately, only the first part of Dead Souls, twelve chapters in all, was completed by Gogol. The secondment part, as we know it, (some chapters of which are often published with the first part) is a recreation from various sources of what Gogol might have done with the continuation of his work. Influenced by the fanatical priest Father Konstantinovskii, he burned what he actually had already written for the second part of the novel just nine days before his death.The situation from which the novel develops is based upon a scheme which theoretically was possible in Gogols day. The government had a policy of loaning money to landowners, feeling that this section was its strongest support. Lands owned, however, were measured not in acres, but by the number of souls (serfs, or here, mertvye dushy) residing on them. De facto, landowners were serf owners The government was ready to accept the land (that is, the serfs) of an individual as collateral for a loan. Thus, a method was required by which the holdings of an individual landowner could be established at any given time.This method stated that an individual possessed the number of souls recorded as such that belong to him/her in the most recent population census. The census was taken every ten years, which meant that near the end of the ten-year cycle almost every landowner would have some serfs who were not recorded in the preceding census because they had recently been born, and some serfs still recorded even though they had died long ago since the last census. In Dead Souls, the main character, Chichikov, schemes to buy from the serf holders a number of those souls who had died but were still counted as living until the next census.An absurd situation becomes possible dead souls are sold as being alive people, which ar estil able to work. Its cheap at the price. A rogue would cheat you, sell you some worthless rubbish instead of souls, but mine are as sybaritic as ripe nuts, all picked they are all either craftsmen or sturdy peasants, Sobakievich boasts to his weird buyer (Gogol, Nikolai Vasilievich). Once Chichikov had a number of such souls, he would apply to the government bank for a loan, using the souls as his collateral.With this low-interest loan in hand he would then buy and work an actual demesne estate, eventually paying back the loan and purchasing living souls to work the land. Well, passing the whole plot, it is imporatnt to state Gogols idea of small marginal people actually decaying in their small towns and farms. The Russia of small towns is the country of odd and irreversibly narrow-minded people. What Gogol proves is that these small landowners are actually dead They have burried themselves alive in their dirty stinking flea-bitten houses.Contrudicting the wide-sprea yet contested idea of Gogols evolution as a writer, it is possible to say that either completing histoical heroic plot or conveying contemporary decayed society, Gogols intention stays the same to show the depth of a human soul and how this soul can be filled with live brightness of heroism or by dead wickedness and miserable oddity. Bibliography Gogol, Nikolai Vasilievich. Taras Bulba and Other Tales. Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia depository library// http//web.archive.org/web/20080517101149/http//etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/GogTara.htmlNikolay Gogol Text and Context, ed. by Jane Grayson and Faith Wigzell (1989).N. V. Nabokov Nicolai Gogol, 1944.The Rise of Prose Nikolai Gogol// http//lol-russ.umn.edu/hpgary/Russ3421/lesson6.htm

Planning and Enabling Learning †Pel Essay

Wilson (200801) asserts that A pupil can be aged from 14 upwards and teaching can hap in any suitable environment. Learners in the sector may be funded by government bodies, by their employers, by funding councils or by their declargon finances. Some atomic number 18 supported by student loans, bursaries or scholarships. In a nutshell, lifelong steering covers everything that is non compulsory education. Theory Initial judicial decision Initial assessment happens at the time of a learners transition into a new learning programme.It is a holistic influence, during which a instructor/ trainer starts to build up a picture of an individuals achievements, skills, interests, previous learning experiences and finiss, and the learning urgencys associated with those goals. This culture is practised as a basis for negotiating a course or programme. childbed 1 (i)b Which services are available for learners who need extra help and support? Venue paygrade case say The Colleg e welcomes students with additional learning needs on to its courses and seeks to ensure that whenever possible those needs are met.The selection criteria and procedures are kept under reassessment to ensure that solely applicants and students are treated fairly. Students are selected and treated on the basis of their relevant merits and abilities. TASK 1 (ii). Evaluate ways of proposalning, negotiating and recording get learning goals with learners Theory Planning and negotiating learning goals If you dont know where you are going, it is difficult to select a suitable means for getting in that location, Mager (1955). A learning goal is what a learner wants to achieve, by attending a relevant programme of learning with his/ her instructor/ tutor.The learning programme forget be determined by the qualification content, published by an Awarding or Examining Body. The teacher/ tutor need to know what he/ she is going to teach, and their learners need to know what they are going to learn. These should be formally negotiated and agreed. A supportive and respectful relationship between the learners and the teacher/ tutor will ensure virtual(prenominal) goals and targets are agreed, along with how the learning progress will be assessed and recorded. Recording learning goals A teacher/ tutor should encourage his/ her learners to take ownership of the process of schemening their learning journey.To help promote them to be strong-minded learners, the teacher/ tutor will need to negotiate and agree their goals and targets, and assess their progress along the way. It is important that all targets are recorded whether they are hard targets, i. e. directly based on the curriculum or soft targets, i. e. personal and social goals. If the teacher/ tutor is teaching a programme, which does not lead to a formal qualification, he/ she will still need to record learner progress. This is known as recognising and recording progress and achievement in non-accredited learni ng (RARPA). TASK 2 SCHEME OF WORK TASK 2 (i).Devise a scheme of take on in your own specialist area for a stripped-down of 4 weeks or eight sessions, ensuring that it includes all the information indicated on the Performa on p21 Theory aim of Work Every teacher/ tutor has a scheme of work, but it may exist only inside her head, and it may be incomplete. Just as the curriculum is the answer to the learners question, Why do we have to learn this? the scheme of work is the answer to the teachers question, What am I going to do? . It is the teachers equivalent of the builders plan and the engineers blueprint. Scheme of Work is a working document.It is not immutable, just as building plans can be changed up to a point. It is made to be messed with, to be annotated and scrawled all over. It is the most useful evaluation mechanism you can have, because given that most of us repeat courses year on year, reference to last years well-worn Scheme (and the year earliers) is the best gu ide to how to change things for this year ( quiticularly if the teacher/ tutor are conscientious enough to enter in the findings from your evaluation exercises). TASK 2 (iii)a. confession The selection and sequencing of topics, and, when relevant, how this met curriculum/ syllabus requirementsTheory Brief introduction to Marketing and Marketing mixing Marketing is at the heart of every organisations activity. Its importance is also growing in the non-commercial, public and voluntary sectors. Also, at the heart of marketing is the customer. This social unit will introduce learners to some of the dickheads and techniques all types of organisations use to achieve their objectives. Marketing refers to the social and managerial processes by which products, services and value are exchanged in order to fulfil individuals or groups needs and wants.These processes include, but are not limited to, advertising, promotion, distribution, and sales. The marketing mix is a broad concept, wh ich includes several aspects of marketing which all, inquires to obtain a similar goal of creating awareness and customer loyalty. The marketing mix is not only an important concept, but a guideline to reference back to when implementing the price, promotion, product, and distribution, (wikipedia. com). exculpation pickax and sequencing of topics, and, when relevant The selection and sequencing of the topics is based upon the learning aims, purpose and objectives that the unit involves.The aim and purpose of this unit is to give learners an attending of how marketing, research and planning and the marketing mix are used by all organisations. The five units delivered in the five weekly sessions enable the tutor to cover the unit of Marketing mix, which is part of the module principles of marketing, besides covering the focused subject area, the other significant advantage is that it can also be used as a basis for further study of specialist marketing units depending on interest and avail great power of the unit as specialist subject area.The Marketing mix unit is a mandatory syllabus requirement, delivered through the 5 weeks classroom sessions providing a comprehensive understanding of the practical issues involved in Marketing using 4Ps tool of marketing mix. From this unit, Firstly, learners will explore how different types of organisations use marketing principles to meet the needs of their customers and achieve their objectives. The constraints under which organisations operate are important and learners will study the legal requirements and voluntary codes that affect marketing.Secondly, Learners will examine how a marketing mix is developed to meet the needs and aspirations of a targeted group of prospective customers, forrader going on to develop a marketing mix for a new product or service. How the tutors scheme of work plan met curriculum/ syllabus requirements Selected and adapted, a range of inclusive learning activities to enthuse and motivat e learners, ensuring that curriculum requirements are met. Analysed the strengths and limitations of a range of resources, including new and emerging technologies, screening how these resources can be used to promote equality, support diversity and contribute to effective learning. Identified literacy, language, numeracy and ICT skills, which are integral to own specialist area, reviewing how they support learner achievement. TASK 2 (iii)b. vindication The use of resources and how they promoted inclusive learning Theory Inclusive learning Inclusive teaching means recognising, accommodating and meeting the learning needs of all the students.It means acknowledging that the students have a range of individual learning needs and are members of diverse communities a student with a disenable medical condition may also have English as an additional language and be a single parent. Inclusive teaching avoids position students into specific groups with predictable and fixed approaches to learning. TASK 2 (iii)c. defense Differentiation Theory Differentiation in practice in the curriculum The key to the differentiate curriculum is the flexible use by teachers of a total-eyed range of activities and lesson organisations, Janet Spillman (1991).Differentiation is about teaching and learning styles and teachers should be using all trey types of speciality in order to have a variety of teaching approaches to accommodate the different learning styles in the classroom. Teachers who only organise in the ability group way are limiting the learning of many pupils in their classes, particularly those with special educational needs. All pupils should experience all three types of differentiation in order for teachers and pupils to maximise the teaching and learning that occurs in the classroom.Accelerated Coverage of Material promote interactive methodology for learner tutor involvement, accessory Materials provided as the course subject material for developing unde rstanding and highlighting key issues, Graphic diagrams provided for visual assessment and absorption by the learners of the concepts and theory, Group and independent Study held for working cooperation and discussion of diverse views from the mass participation, Recommendation of relevant Books from various expert in the field it is important to read specialised news from a pool of books available from the same subject area which is not easy for the learners to identify. TASK 2 (iii)d. Justification How the minimum core (literacy, language, numeracy and ICT) supported learning Theory Minimum Core Since September 2000 it has been expected that initial teacher education programmes should equip all trainee teachers to develop inclusive approaches to addressing the language, literacy and numeracy needs of their learners.The requirement for all trainee teachers to meet the minimum core of literacy, language, numeracy in all post-16 teacher initial teacher education (ITE) programmes was first defined by FENTO in 2004. Coverage of the minimum core is intended to provide a teacher with the minimum level of skills in language, literacy, numeracy and ICT that are essential to teachers who work in the lifelong learning sector. Justification Minimum core (literacy, language) supported learning Speaking and listening Learners make a range of contributions to classroom discussions and make effective presentations in a wide range of contexts by carrying out individual and/ or group work investigating organisations and their marketing working with others in investigating businesses (employees, olleagues, teachers, class mates). Reading Learners are able to compare, select, read and understand texts and use them to gather information, ideas, arguments and opinions reading about organisations and their marketing reading about organisations to obtain data to compare businesses marketing activities paternity Learners are able to write documents, including extended writ ing pieces, communicating information, ideas and opinions, effectively and persuasively writing materials to provide information about organisations marketing activities producing labelled charts and diagrams. Justification Minimum core (numeracy and ICT) supported learningBy introducing various ways of interaction with and using ICT and Web ICT systems independently, learners can research organisations and their marketing activities, enabling them to understand approaches to complex classroom task needs. Calculation techniques, formulas and tabulating information about organisations allow learners to use numerical methods of learning and assessment. Exploration, investigation and evaluate of the relevant marketing topics from the provided information and case studies, and data from the from websites about business organisations and their marketing activities help the learner get involved with the key issues of the subject area. TASK 3 LESSON PLANNING TASK 3 (i).Design and includ e a lesson plan on the Greenwich proforma (p 19-20), which you would use in your specialist area, completing all aspects of this proforma (150 words limit) To fail to plan is to plan to fail, (Petty, 2004422, cited by Wilson, 2008). According to a definition at Wikipedia. com, a lesson plan is a teachers detailed description of the course of instruction for one class. A daily lesson plan is developed by a teacher to guide class instruction. Details will vary depending on the gustatory perception of the teacher, subject being covered, and the need and/or curiosity of children. TASK 3 (v). Discuss the reasons for the inclusion of aspects of the minimum core (literacy, numeracy and ICT) in this lesson plan (150 words limit) Justification Minimum core (literacy, language) supported learningSpeaking and listening Learners make a range of contributions to classroom discussions and make effective presentations in a wide range of contexts by carrying out individual and/ or group work in vestigating organisations and their marketing working with others in investigating businesses (employees, colleagues, teachers, class mates). Reading Learners are able to compare, select, read and understand texts and use them to gather information, ideas, arguments and opinions reading about organisations and their marketing reading about organisations to obtain data to compare businesses marketing activities piece Learners are able to write documents, including extended writing pieces, communicating information, ideas and opinions, effectively and persuasively writing materials to provide information about organisations marketing activities producing labelled charts and diagrams.

Current Issues in Motivation Essay

motivation a Diverse WorkforceFlexibility is the chance on to motivating a diverse workforce Diverse array of rewards necessary to satisfy diverse individualized needs and goals.Flexible Working Schedule compressed workweek employees work longer hours per day only fewer days per week. Flexible work hours (flextime) employees required to work a specific number of hours a week but are free to vary those hours within certain limits System entails common hollow out hours when all employees are required to be on the job Starting, ending, and lunch-hour times are flexible stemma sharing two or more people split a full-time job telecommuting employees work at home and are linked to the workplace by computer and modem. Cultural Differences in Motivation Motivation theories developed in the U.S. and validated with American workers may be some cross-cultural consistenciesPay-for-Performance Instead of paying for time on the job, pay is adjusted to reflect some performance meter Comp atible with expectancy theory imparts strong performance-reward linkage Programs are gaining in popularity Research suggests that programs affect performance.Open-Book counselling involve employees in workplace decisions by opening up the financial statements Workers treated as disdain partners get workers to think like an owner may also provide bonuses based on meshwork improvements actuate the New Workforce Motivating Professionals professionals tend to derive intrinsic satisfaction from their work and cope with high pay More loyal to their profession than their employer value challenging jobs and support for their workMotivating Contingent Workers part-time, contract, or temporary workers Less security and stability than permanent employees receive fewer benefits let out little identification or commitment to their employers Hard to motivate contingent workers Opportunity to become a permanent employee Opportunity for training Repercussions of mixing permanent and continge nt workers when pay differentials are significant Motivating Low-Skilled, Minimum-WageEmployees Difficult challenge to keep performance levels high Employee recognition programs highlight employees whose work performance has been equitable encourage others to perform better Power of praise In service industries, empower front-line employees to address customers problems tie up compensation to customer satisfaction

Early Childhood Curriculum Essay

One of the goals of preschool tuition is to improve childrens school success. primeval childhood educators take up to enhance a childs festeringal skills and know guidege. We argon to build upon their ever growing neediness of curiosity and creativity. Without knowing what, why, and how to sustainment everyy initiate preschool children in an too soon childhood environment teachers will non keep a great impact on the knowledge children will gain and retain in this environment. Children atomic number 18 eager to use up and acquire new life changing skills.The text edition (2008) emphasizes the importance of a child-centered political program that encompasses the whole child- physical, social, emotional, creative, and cognitive. Teachers practical knowledge of how and what to teach children is not taught in school. Teachers receive and understand the hypothetical knowledge of children knowledge but they ar unable to blend the theories with practical applications approp riate for newborn children. in that respect argon many preschool schoolrooms with qualified teachers but they do not understand the steps needed to fork over a computer programme that is age and developmentally appropriate.Most teachers have the book knowledge but their pass on and one on one skills are loseing when it comes to implementing activities to stimulate and excite children in learning. Kostelnik states that, Teachers who lack adequate knowledge in any of these areas are hampered in their attempts to create developmentally appropriate programs for four-year-old children. The areas are the fundamental components of early literacy and numeracy how children experience literacy and mathematical concepts in their tackle what teachers can do by choice to support literacy and numeracy in all areas of the curriculum throughout the day.Teachers must know and understand a childs developmental needs and how to develop ways to meet these needs. Early childhood education reco mmends that programs utilize Developmentally Appropriate Practices. It is vital that young children have a curriculum that admits learning goals and counselor for teachers to develop activities and interactions. The National Association for the Education of Young Children approved the Early childishness Standards and Accreditation mathematical process Standards and Accreditation Performance Criteria in 2005. These standards play programs in a variety of areas including the curriculum (pp.232-233). Children have varied opportunities to be aim books and to be read to in individualized ways. Children have activities that allow them to become familiar with print. Children are effrontery opportunities to recognize and write letters, words, and sentences as they are ready. Books are displayed and writing is encouraged in one or to a greater extent areas of the classroom. course of instruction development should focus on promoting learning and development in the areas of social, emotional, physical, language, and cognitive suppuration (NAEYC Program Standards). there should be themes that are hands on and developmentally appropriate.Activities should let in art, math, science, social, studies, reading, and creativity. Classroom s should be filled with laughter and excitement. Hands on learning should take place, stories should be told, and play encouraged. interpret is childs work and when they enjoy what they are doing, then, they are more apt to learn, discover, and investigate their environment and environment. So how do we know that play is childs work? This question and many more are answered when we look at enquiry and theories of education. Theories are the foundation for which teachers choose to teach from.Theories help guide teachers in headway the reason why they set up their classrooms and for carrying out the lessons they teach children on a daily basis. Theories teach us that relationships are the foundation for learning. We need to have relationship with the children we teach and with families of the children we tender a program for. Theories teach us that children learn through play and that they learn when they interact with their peers and their environment.There are many theories of learning to use to decide what type of curricula to use Vygotskys Constructivist theory- puts the learner in the center and believes that teachers should show experiences that link prior knowledge to what they are studying. The constructivist teacher organizes the classroom with childrens stages of development in mind. Children learn when they collaborate with others, discussion and talking some the how and why of things. Piagets Four Stages of cognitive Development- learning is viewed as active, constructive process in which students seek organization and meaning in their worlds. Abraham Maslow pore on human potential and proposed that all persons strive to reach the highest within them. His theory likewise asserts that chil dren learn best when their physical needs are met and they feel a sense of psychological safety and security. B. F. mule skinner Behaviorist Theory emphasizes the roles of environmental conditions and overt behaviors in learning. Children learn through the effects of their own wise(p) responses. Consequences will determine whether a person will repeat a particular behavior that led to the consequences.Our theorists teach us that as children play they are learning about themselves, other people, and the world. As the text (2008) states, learning and development in the early years are critical to the childs yen term well-being. This theoretical base in early childhood education guides and provides a framework of understanding for how children learn. The text also states that, theoretically, there is widespread acceptance of the idea that play is important- that it is the serious business for the young child.Elkind reviewed a variety of theories that support the role of childrens pl ay, including Montessori, Freud, Piaget, and Vygotsky. By taking these theories and putting them into perspective we provide ways to meet the differences and developing needs that children have. For children to excel and have success in school we have to address all areas of their development. Research has shown us that it is during these times of play that a childs brain is affected. Connections are do as a child repeatedly does the same types of activities. If these connections are not do or used they will eventually disappear.Our text (2008) states that, Play is a time where children needs are met. Good play experiences unite and blend all aspects of development, reaping social, emotional, physical, intellectual, moral, creative, and cultural clears for young children. As children engage in play in the early childhood classroom they are learning and growing developmentally. Age appropriate activities are provided for them. Vanderwater says that, Play is simply shorthand for o ur capacity for curiosity, imagination, and fantasy our creative dispositions. In order for children benefit from play a curriculum is needed to meet their needs. It is important for young preschool children to have a curriculum that includes planned environments and activities in the classroom, such as music and creative movement, dramatic play, singing, and creative art. Planned and casual spontaneous learning should take place everyday. We know that children are unique and different therefore they all learn differently. With this knowledge we have to teach the whole child. Thisincludes teaching social-emotional, physical, cognitive, and language development to preschoolers. Preschool curriculum models diversify widely. Some may detail exactly what to teach and how to teach it with step by step instructions. Others on the other hand leave room for teacher ideas and input. Then there are some that provide guidance in developing activities and interactions that are crucial to soc ial development. When choosing curricula, programs need to take into account childrens ages, needs, behavior, language and cultural backgrounds.The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the National Association of Early Childhood Specialist in State Departments of Education (NAECS/SDE) therefore advise the following Curriculum is more than a collection of enjoyable activities. Curriculum is a complex idea containing multiple components such as goals, content, pedagogy, or instructional practices. Curriculum is influenced by many factors including societys values, content standards, account ability systems, research findings, community expectations, culture and language, and individual childrens characteristics. The early childhood (preschool) classroom has a need for a developmentally appropriate curriculum. Designing a curriculum gives teachers the opportunity to come together and brainstorm on what is needed to meet the needs of individual children. Dodge states, When teachers build curriculum with each other and with the children and are willing to really listen to each other and to the childrens ideas, and really value them, there is a very different kind of relationship being established and a climate of mutual conceive is formed.She also shares that, the nature of this relationship between teachers and children and parents would be very different in our opinion, if the teachers plan were already written and all the planning spaces filled in, and all the outcomes predetermined and articulated before of time. Relationships again are the foundation that is needed in the early childhood classroom. Society has put a lot of pressure on early childhood programs to produce results. Kostelnik states that, kindergarten teachers report that one out of trinity children begin formal schooling lacking the basic experiences they need to succeed.Because of this, programs make decisions each day about the type of curriculum to use. They see the importance of early learning experiences that will build a whole foundation for learning and development later on in life. There are many types of curriculum in our society today. The two most commonly used in the Unites States according to Dodge are The Creative Curriculum and High/Scope. In addition to these many directors used a variety of models and resources to supplementation their planning.These include the Project Approach, Reggio Emilia, Montessori, and what several called emergent curriculum. There is evidence that high quality early childhood programs can and do make a difference in childrens development. Children can develop the skills they need as they participate in child care and other early learning programs from birthing to age eight. Kostelnik states that children need to know the fundamental components of early literacy and numeracy for literacy involves listening, viewing, speaking, writing, and reading.Some of the numeracy components are understanding number, how people show number, the relations among numbers, and number systems, using mathematical tools, and recognizing, describing, and extending patterns. Literacy and numeracy can be displayed in the classroom when the dramatic play area has been transformed into a hairdressing shop. The children can create signs that say haircuts, shampoo, curlers, and perms. The children can also include prices on the signs. The children can move in and out of this area taking turns as customers, receptionist, haircutters, and cashiers.They will pretense cutting hair, giving permanents, making appointments, writing out receipts, using the play cash register, and making change. Literacy and numeracy is also seen in the block center as children make signs and count trucks, in the writing center as children write in their journals and in the art center as children draw and create pictures of their choice. Kostelnik tells us that, adroit teachers intentionally create opportunities for childre n to become engaged in varied literacy and numeracy experiences every day. Developmentally appropriate activities do not happenby chance, they have to be planned out. Children are looking for direction and opportunities to investigate. Teachers are being provided with training and professional development on how to teach, what to teach and why they need to follow a curriculum. As teachers gain the skills they need they begin to understand the developmental need s of children. They create opportunities for learning through play and they advocate for the needed changes in the system. As curriculum choices are being made and teachers are trained in how to implement the curriculum children are excelling.In an early childhood classroom teachers are better equipped and have a greater impact on what, why and how to teach children in a developmentally appropriate way. References Eliason, C. F. , Jenkins, L. (2008). A Practical Guide to Early Childhood Curriculum (8th ed. ). New Jersey Pears on Education, Inc. Dodge, D. (2004). Early Childhood Curriculum Models Why, What and the How Programs Use Them. Retrieved from the Exchange magazine. www. ChildCareExchange. com Kostelnik. M (2008). Academics in Early Childhood. Retrieved from the Exchange magazine. www. ChildCareExchange. com.National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the National Association of Early Childhood Specialists in State Departments of Education (NAECS/SDE). (2003). Joint position statement on early childhood curriculum, assessment, and program valuation building an effective, accountable system in programs for children birth through age 8. Washington, DC NAEYC, p. 6 Vanderwater, E. A. , Rideoout, V. J. , Wartella, E. A. , Huang, X. , Lee, J. H. , Shim, M. S. (2007). digital Childhood Electronic Media and Technology Use Among Infants, Toddlers and Preschoolers. Pediatrics 119(5) e1006-e1015 pic.

Management Information System Thesis Essay

Resto Bar, unlike a typical restaurant, will provide a unique combination of excellent food at cheer pricing with a fun and entertaining atmosphere. DJIM is the answer to an increasing demand. The public (1) wants value for everything thatit purchases, (2) is not will to accept anything that does not meetits expectations, and (3) wants entertainment with its dining experience. Entering into this market will not be easy the industry is highly competitive, with periodic overcapacity, low margins, and low entry/exit barriers.In addition, in that location is a large number of substitutes, and the suppliers to this market have a great deal of power. In state to overcome these issues, the company has acquired an excellent locality in the downtown area and intends to provide a suitably upscale environment to draw in the companys main target market segment, the occupancy professionals. The company will seek to provide these customers with the maximum number of services to create the gre atest sales volume during the companys peak hours of operation.The company will have a comprehensive marketing, advertising, and publicity campaign that will maximize word-of-mouth marketing and will consist of radio, printed material, billboards and discounts. In todays highly competitive environment, it is becoming increasinglymore difficult to differentiate one restaurant judgment from another. DJIM will provide customers with the option of eating less fattening and healthier food. The place will also provide the customers with perfect setting for different occasions like Romantic Dates, Business Meetings, and Intimate natal day Parties.

Japanese and American Business Behavior

Management sciences hold in long identified that on that point ar many forms of byplay behaviors. Different organizations from different market-gardenings tend to run their stemma in different manners, this entangle decision fashioning activities, problem solving, future forecasting, and other issues within a military control.The differences do not stop on the organizational level, managers of different floricultures gener altogethery has their birth personal panache of managing their subordinates. These differences are interesting to study because of the increasing phenomena of internationalization.II. question BackgroundII. 1. The Need to Study Business StylesDifferent companies within different cultures previously have no need contrast their transaction panaches with those of foreign companies. However, with the rising of globalization and international competition, corporations are derived to take account of pedigree cultures from all over the world. This is n ecessary in clock time where they have to make connections with foreign patronage in sanctify to grow or survive. Furthermore, some parentage behaviors might be better suited in their local environment but contributes poorly within the global environment. in that location are times where changes of culture from local to global culture are necessities. Thus, to compare one melodic line style to another is almost a gross activity for economist and businessmen today.II. 2 Why Study japanese CultureAsian economy has always been a matter of intense discussion among the Statesn scholars. There are predictions from many economist and observers that Asia will be the center of sparing growth once the world has entered the new millennium. Although these predictions have not make out by as expected, the rapid education of Asian economy is still an important event in the storey of worlds economy.Let us take Japan as a representation of the strength of Asian economy. Japan produces some of the most innovative and highest quality products in the world. Since 1970s, Nipponese automakers have been intensely competing with US automakers. Some even believed that they have exceeded the US automakers in some venerates. The British motorcycle industry, which once considered as the one who brought the golden age on motorcycle industries has been wiped-out almost entirely by the presence of Japans futuristic motorcycles in their local soil.In fact, today, we have pull inn that Nipponese culture is everywhere in the world. many an(prenominal) Americans today are fans of Japanese products since they were children. Japanese products have undeniably infiltrate US social and economic life in the most substantive way. The popularity of Kill Bill, Iron Chef, Power Rangers, Hello Kitty, and Anime describes the surd presence of Japanese culture in the United States. Furthermore, American businessmen are today knowledge Japanese business style, more than just to communica te with their Japanese partners, but also to enhance their aptitude in doing business.The acknowledgement given to Japanese culture and their influence is overwhelming in many part of the world (Palmeri, 2004). The popularity of Japanese culture in most parts of the world brought upon an interesting question for American business people. What are actually the differences between Japanese business behaviors and American business behaviors? Furthermore, the ability of Japanese businessmen to do what Americans cannot bring increasing interest in studying the popular culture. Within this paper, I am comparing two of the worlds most popular business styles, the American style and the Japanese style.There will be discussion on differences, connaturalities and some comparison of which has the advantage over current situations.III. Research QuestionAs mentioned above, the strength of Japanese culture astonished economist from all over the world. With the increasing baptismal font studi es where Japanese businessmen outperform others in international market, there is an interesting question of whether Japanese culture could have exceeded the dominating culture of the world (Americans). The implied research questions in the shade above areWith respect to its Strengths and Weaknesses, is Japanese business culture more suitable for business advancement and development than the American business culture? In order to answer this question, a sufficient e get the pictureation regarding both business cultures is required. The elaboration should lead to a comparative analysis regarding both business cultures. Based on book, journals and articles on Japanese and American business culture, I will divide the comparative analysis into several(prenominal) chapters focusing on different ways to compare the two business cultures.A concluding statement will be do to summarize the comparative analysis in the end of the paper. IV. Organizational Management StylesIV. 1 Roles and De cisionMaking In name of managerial styles, American companies tend to be financially oriented and value autonomy. In a typic American company, the role of each employee is clearly defined and the employee is fully responsible for the activities assigned to him/her. Decisions loosely come from individual authority, and the company usually makes clear definition of who is entitle for making what kinds of decisions (Engel, 2000).The Japanese style of heed however, has a rather contrast betterment. Japan companies (or Japanese style companies) has a more intuitive approach to management. Most of the employees have undefined roles and they are most likely to be assigned as teams to cut back together for group goals. Decisions do not come from a single person, but rather as a collective process involving many voices. However, when it comes to managing overseas, Japan companies seem to be more centralized that US corporations.For instance, if a Japanese company has an affiliate in US soil, their necessities focus on slender converse across the Pacific. Generally, such communication is dominated by Japanese employees, excluding many of the American employees from the managerial process. Furthermore, the US affiliate will most likely diminish in its ability to act independently. These issues created significant patronage for American employees working for Japanese companies.IV. 2 Strategic PlanningIn strategic picturening, Japanese companies seem to have a considerably different approach to Americans.For instance, while formulating a dodge, Americans are more-top-driven in their approach. They prefer to design changes and renovate up evolution. This is in contrast with the Japanese who prefer to al down(p) things to evolve from the bottom (Fiedler, 1965). American business people tend to finalize strategies quickly, sometimes without taking account of several issues and factors. They generally prefer to omit more time correcting the strategy in the impleme ntation stage. The Japanese, on the other hand, tends to hold more sure discussion of what might go wrong and shape their solutions.It is not until an all round agreement is achieved would the strategy be implemented. many a(prenominal) believe that the Japanese take more time to execute a plan and that is simply unacceptable. On the other hand, there are those who believed that the Japanese way is better, because they do not rack the process. They allow everything to be in place, and when it does, they implement it quickly. Another argument in awe of the Japanese business culture is the fact that most Japanese managers prefer to look into the roots of the problem earlier making decisions, judgments and strategies.The American straightforward approach often result casualties of innocent workers being fired because management cannot see the root of the problem. This judgmental behavior is efficient, but not effective. Decisions are delivered in faster amount of time but less acc uracy and depth of analysis. Japanese managers prefer to solve the problem first out front looking for someone to blame. This culture evolves in a manner that allows employees to feel shame even before they were even accused of misconduct. Mutual understanding and commitment to unified goal is what fueled the Japanese strategy-machine to work.IV. 3 Employment and Personnel ManagementIn terms of employment, many writers indicated that Japan companies have distinctly unique system of liveliness employment. Japanese companies are given credit by many for their ability in fostering devotion and encouragement of their employees. Nevertheless, this is domestic in nature, and the system generally turns weak, once the companies enter international realm. Most of the modernistic nations found the Japanese employment system demands things that little (except Japanese people) would tolerate.Analysts indicated that these demands come from the lack of external labor market. There is not muc h choice for Japanese labor and employees in terms of employment. Thus, they tend to go along with every terms of the company, once they have signed their contracts (Hersey, 1972). In foreign lands, Japanese companies who find that their system of employment is large unacceptable by non-Japanese, generally come up with an unfortunate solution. They would learn that the non-Japanese is to be hired under separate employment categories with little advancement opportunity or credit line security.IV. 4 Thickness of CultureOpening to new culture has been recognized as one of the popular traits of American business style. Corporations generally have a hygienic statement of their culture, but with a sense of flexibility and receptivity for new people and subsidiaries. Many writers consider this as advancement over other developing business cultures around the world. The Japanese on the other hand, develop a very thick sense of corporate culture in each of their working generations. This strong sense of culture evolves from the fact that most Japanese employees work together for as long as a lifetime.Even a Japanese new admittance would have difficulties in tuning-in to the corporate culture if they join in mid-career. Because of this tendency to form a strong bond among Japanese employees, Americans working within these companies generally experience numerous frictions and frustrations because they fail to understand the ongoing culture in the company (Kopp, n. d).V. Personal Leadership StylesV. 1 Types of LeadershipWithin this chapter, I will elaborate several types of lead styles. Within each style there is an assessment of how Americans or Japanese favor the style. The types of leadership are ? Directive LeadershipCompanies whose managers are accustomed to stress direction to subordinates are those of the directive leadership style. This style became famous in the United States, but it is now declining in frequency. Many tell that this style is shortly most dominant is Asian countries. However, the Japanese seemed to be excluded in this particular category.Participative LeadershipThis style pursues close teamwork as a avenue to success. The Japanese are the symbol of this particular leadership style. Americans very seldom exercising this type of leadership.Empowering LeadershipThis type of leadership is a brand new trend in America.It stresses on delegating responsibilities to subordinates and retain their passion in doing the best for the company. American Giants today are proclaiming themselves to be practicing this type of leadership. However, many Japanese multinationals (like Sony Corp. ) have this type of leadership style within their corporate philosophy. ? Charismatic Leadership Many CEO of multinationals have what is called human magnetism. It is the ability to gain trust from others to do what is needed for the company. These leaders usually exist within national boundaries. Their charismatic power seldom breaks through th e limits of their culture.This type of leadership was dominated by Americans however, their numbers are significantly reduced by as many of US companies go global. More of them exist within the Japanese local culture now. (Cotter, 2001)V. 2 Family Succession LeadershipAccording to HBS (Harvard Business School) professor, D. Quinn mill (2005), Japanese and other Asian companies are noted to pass down their line of leadership to family members. This is similar to the conduct of some of the largest American companies. However, it is more popular in American business culture that firms are run by professional managers and replaced by another professional manager.In American business culture, better companies generally have advance programs for developing executives within the firm. The next CEO will be chosen among them. There are also American companies who hire external CEOs without any familiarities of the company. This behavior is generally derived from the need to go by in growth or recovery. Despite the fact that several Japanese companies exceeded the Americans in terms of energy and profitability, many scholars still believe that the Japanese business style is only a stage of development which will finally lead to the American business style.These scholars argued using the leadership chronological succession styles. They mentioned that the family succession culture was once a common practice among US companies. However, it was then replaced by the professional management succession line which is considered the latest piece of the evolutionary line. These scholars mentioned that it is possible that Asian firms will follow this evolutionary path in the future.V. 3 Political ConnectionsIn Japan and other Asian countries, it is more apparent that the success of a company depends to the intensity of its relations to political and social leaders of the environment.Japan and other Asian countries have highly-developed a belief that connections to important peo ple are crucial for the survival of their business. Quite contrast, the CEOs in America often have no direct connections to top politicians. The government only has authority at an laces length and business affairs are do by business people. Nevertheless, this does not include exceptions where older and powerful American companies take advantage of their political connections to enhance their success. The percentage of these companies is very low compared with Asian companies (Kopp, n. d).VI. Communication PatternsJapanese and Americans share some of their traits in terms of communication. Both of them are superpowers who held high their own culture. Americans and Japanese are known for their lack of knowledge over other languages. Few Americans speak and tape foreign language enough to do business with people who do not understand face very well. Similarly, Japanese businessmen tend to be uncomfortable in detailed business discussion using English and English-language documents . Some other traits they share are their lack of experience in transaction with foreign people.Most of them lack the skills necessary to overcome cross-cultural challenges (Kenna & Sondra, 1994). Japanese and American communication also has significant differences in their communication patterns. American business people tend to be more direct open up and values discussion. The Japanese style is on the other hand, more vague and roundabout. Much of the meaning is stated in nonverbal cues and subtle nuances of toning and wording. Different from Americans who viewed debate and challenging discussion as a unequivocal trait, the Japanese tend to avoid them and viewed them negatively (Kenna & Sondra, 1994).VII ConclusionThe comparative analysis points out to several conclusions. The Japanese business culture is apparently very strong around its people. However, when their business expands to foreign lands, the power of their culture is both reduced, causing the lost of certain competi tive advantages, or tightened, causing lack of collaboration to the surrounding environment. one(a) of the reasons of Japanese rapid expansion into the international world is its unique managerial style. Successful Japanese companies have the ability to generate powerful motivation among its employees, thus, increasing corporate profitability, creativity and quality management.In this respect, the Japanese business culture has a significant advantage compare to the American business culture. The American seems to have passe-partout business philosophy compare to the Japanese. Its opened communication pattern and the lack of need for political connections and family ties house high level of flexibility which supported expansion and business evolution. However, the quick decision making processes, the top-down evolution methods, and the impersonal relationship of its employees created a lack of strength in American managerial structure.Because of these, there are more strategies in the American culture that do not reach their goals, and more employees buy the farm left behind by the quick evolutionary stages. In this respect, the Japanese culture also presents a favorable behavior for business evolvement. As a final conclusion, despite the fact that each business culture has their own strengths and weaknesses, this paper reveals a strong agreement that Japanese business culture has a significant advantage over the American business culture.A further study however, needed to be done over each and every aspects mentioned above in order to provide a more detailed explanation of how each culture excels or diminish within those respects.BibliographyCotter, Colleen. 2001. Lonely Planet USA Phrasebook reasonableness Americans and Their Culture Engel, Dean. 2000.Passport USA Your Pocket Guide to American Business, Customs & Etiquette Fiedler, Fred E. 1965.Engineer the Job to Fit the Manager. Harvard Business Review. Vol. 43 Hersey, Paul. Blanchard, Kenneth H. 1972. Management of Organization Behavior. New Jersey Prentic- Hall Inc. Kenna, Peggy. Sondra, Lacy. 1994.Business Japan A Practical Guide to Understanding Japanese Business Culture. McGraw-Hill Kopp, Rochelle. N. d. The Rice Paper Ceiling. ISBN 1-880656-51-5. Stone Bridge Press. Mills, D. Quinn. Asian and American Leadership Styles How argon They Unique? . Harvard Business School. Retrieved June 2, 2006.Available at http//hbswk. hbs. edu/item. jhtml? id=4869&t=leadership Palmeri, Christopher. 2004.Is Japanese Style Taking Over the initiation? . Business Week Online. Retrieved June 2, 2006. Available at http//www. businessweek. com/magazine/content/04_30/b3893091. htm,